chr()

chr(i)

Returns: str · Added in v3.0 · Updated March 13, 2026 · Built-in Functions

built-in unicode string conversion

The chr() function returns a string representing a character whose Unicode code point is the integer i. It is the inverse of ord(), which takes a character and returns its code point.

Syntax

chr(i)

Parameters

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
`i`	`int`	—	An integer representing a valid Unicode code point (0 to 1,114,111)

Examples

Basic usage

# Get character for ASCII values
print(chr(65))   # A
print(chr(97))   # a
print(chr(48))   # 0

# Get character for Unicode code points
print(chr(8364))  # € (Euro sign)
print(chr(128512))  # 😀 (Grinning face emoji)

Converting with ord()

chr() and ord() are inverses of each other:

char = "A"
code = ord(char)
back = chr(code)
print(f"{char} -> {code} -> {back}")  # A -> 65 -> A

Generating a range of characters

# Print all uppercase letters
for i in range(65, 91):
    print(chr(i), end=" ")
# A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

# Generate ASCII art pattern
pattern = [chr(95) * 5, chr(47) + chr(92) + chr(124) * 3 + chr(47)]
print("\n".join(pattern))
# _____
# /||||

Common Patterns

Building strings from code points

# Convert a list of code points to a string
code_points = [72, 101, 108, 108, 111]
message = "".join(chr(cp) for cp in code_points)
print(message)  # Hello

# Unicode escape to character
hex_codes = [0x0041, 0x0042, 0x0043]
print("".join(chr(c) for c in hex_codes))  # ABC

Working with emoji and special characters

# Generate emoji sequence
emojis = [chr(0x1F600 + i) for i in range(10)]
print(" ".join(emojis))
# 😀 😃 😄 😁 😅 😂 🙂 🙃 😉 😎

# Currency symbols
currencies = [chr(8364), chr(163), chr(165), chr(8359)]
print(" ".join(currencies))  # € £ ¥ ₩

Errors

ValueError: Raised if i is outside the valid range (0 to 1,114,111).

chr(-1)      # ValueError: chr() arg not in range(0x110000)
chr(1114112) # ValueError: chr() arg not in range(0x110000)